Professor Benjamin Willcox BA, DPhil

Benjamin Willcox

Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy
Head of Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy
Professor of Molecular Immunology

Contact details

Address
Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy

Ben Willcox is based in the Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy as Professor of Molecular Immunology and was the Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre Scientific Director between 2017-2022.

Ben leads an active research group in the field of cancer immunology and immunotherapy, with a focus on understanding immune receptor recognition. His recent work focuses on novel tumour antigens and unconventional T cell function, particularly in immunosurveillance of cellular stress. He has received major grants from Cancer Research UK, the Medical Research Council, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and most recently the Wellcome Trust.

In addition, Ben is Director of the University's Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, a collaborative grouping of over 30 academic and clinical groups focussed on understanding fundamental aspects of tumour immunology and applying these to the development of novel cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Ben is also Scientific Director of the College of Medicine and Health's Protein Expression Facility, a component of CMDS's Technology Hub that supports a diverse range of biomedical research across CMDS by providing high quality protein expression services. He is also a member of the Birmingham Structural Biology Consortium, a cross-college grouping of structural biology research teams.

Ben is Head of Department of Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy.

Qualifications

  • DPhil Immunology 1999 (University of Oxford) 
  • BA (Hons) Biochemistry 1995 (University of Oxford)

Teaching

  • Intercalated BmedSc in Clinical Sciences
    Lecture on “Protein 3D structure determination by X-ray crystallography”
  • MSc in Clinical Oncology
    Lecture in Module 1 on “Introduction to Cellular Immunology”
  • MBChB 2nd year course “Cancer Causes to Cures”
  • Small group teaching on “Primary and Secondary Cancer Prevention”
  • Lead organiser, MRes Laboratory Practical Week 4: Experimental approaches; Structural Biology component (2011-) Lecture: “Protein analysis and biophysics”
  • Lead organiser, 2011-2012 MRes Cancer Module

Postgraduate supervision

Professor Willcox is interested in supervising doctoral research in the following areas:

The role of gamma delta T cells in tumour immunity
Immune presentation and recognition of phosphopeptide antigens

Other activities

Outreach charity work for Cancer Research UK, including at local fundraising events, local media events, and laboratory tours.

Publications

Recent publications

Article

Fennell, É, Taylor, GS, Leahy, CI, Ross, AM, Reynolds, G, Perry, T, Youd, E, Skidmore, J, Ramzi, R, Darwish, R, Hunter, KJ, Willcox, BE, Jermann, P, Arif Jahangir, C, Rahman, A, Gallagher, WM, Nikulina, N, Ben Cheikh, B, Braubach, O, Mayer, AT, Young, LS, Grammatopoulos, D, Faustini, S, Richter, A, Dowell, AC, Venith, T, Thein, OS, Parekh, D, Belchamber, KBR, Thickett, DR, Scott, A, Attanoos, R, Mundo, L, Lazzi, S, Leoncini, L, Leopold, G, Steven, N, Marie, J, Sand, B, Karsdal, MA, Julie Leeming, D, Dojcinov, S, Culhane, A, Murray, PG & Pugh, MR 2025, 'Multi-omic spatial profiling reveals the unique SARS-CoV-2 lung microenvironment and collagen VI as a predictive biomarker in severe COVID-19', The European respiratory journal, vol. 66, no. 3, 2301699. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01699-2023

Syrimi, E, Khan, N, Murray, P, Willcox, C, Haigh, T, Willcox, B, Masand, N, Bowen, C, Dimakou, DB, Zuo, J, Barone, SM, Irish, JM, Kearns, P & Taylor, GS 2024, 'Defects in NK cell immunity of pediatric cancer patients revealed by deep immune profiling', iScience. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110837

Brooks, JM, Zheng, Y, Hunter, K, Willcox, BE, Dunn, J, Nankivell, P, Gevaert, O & Mehanna, H 2024, 'Digital Spatial Profiling identifies distinct patterns of immuno-oncology-related gene expression within oropharyngeal tumours in relation to HPV and p16 status', Frontiers in Oncology, vol. 14, 1428741. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1428741

Xu, Q, Sharif, M, James, E, Dismorr, JO, Tucker, JHR, Willcox, BE & Mehellou, Y 2024, 'Phosphonodiamidate prodrugs of phosphoantigens (ProPAgens) exhibit potent Vγ9/Vδ2 T cell activation and eradication of cancer cells', RSC Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 2462-2473. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4md00208c

Talhouni, S, Fadhil, W, Mongan, NP, Field, L, Hunter, K, Makhsous, S, Maciel-Guerra, A, Kaur, N, Nestarenkaite, A, Laurinavicius, A, Willcox, BE, Dottorini, T, Spendlove, I, Jackson, AM, Ilyas, M & Ramage, JM 2023, 'Activated tissue resident memory T-cells (CD8+CD103+CD39+) uniquely predict survival in left sided “immune-hot” colorectal cancers', Frontiers in immunology, vol. 14, 3389. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1057292

Karunakaran, MM, Subramanian, H, Jin, Y, Mohammed, F, Kimmel, B, Juraske, C, Starick, L, Nöhren, A, Länder, N, Willcox, CR, Singh, R, Schamel, WW, Nikolaev, VO, Kunzmann, V, Wiemer, AJ, Willcox, BE & Herrmann, T 2023, 'A distinct topology of BTN3A IgV and B30.2 domains controlled by juxtamembrane regions favors optimal human γδ T cell phosphoantigen sensing', Nature Communications, vol. 14, no. 1, 7617 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41938-8

Degirmencay, A, Thomas, S, Mohammed, F, Willcox, BE & Stauss, HJ 2023, 'Modifications outside CDR1, 2 and 3 of the TCR variable β domain increase TCR expression and antigen-specific function', Frontiers in immunology, vol. 14, 1148890. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148890

Willcox, CR, Salim, M, Begley, CR, Karunakaran, MM, Easton, EJ, von Klopotek, C, Berwick, KA, Herrmann, T, Mohammed, F, Jeeves, M & Willcox, BE 2023, 'Phosphoantigen sensing combines TCR-dependent recognition of the BTN3A IgV domain and germline interaction with BTN2A1', Cell Reports, vol. 42, no. 4, 112321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112321

McMurray, J, von Borstel, A, Taher, T, Syrimi, E, Taylor, G, Sharif, M, Rossjohn, J, Remmerswaal, E, Bemelman, F, Vieira Braga, FA, Chen, X, Teichmann, SA, Mohammed, F, Berry, A, Lyke, K, Williamson, K, Stubbington, M, Davey, M, Willcox, C & Willcox, B 2022, 'Transcriptional profiling of human Vδ1 T cells reveals a pathogen-driven adaptive differentiation program', Cell Reports, vol. 39, no. 8, 110858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110858

Faustini, S, Jossi, S, Perez-Toledo, M, Shields, A, Allen, JD, Watanabe, Y, Newby, ML, Cook, A, Willcox, C, Salim, M, Goodall, M, Heaney, J, Marcial Juarez, E, Morley, G, Torlinska, B, Wraith, D, Veenith, T, Harding, S, Jolles, S, Mark, PJ, Plant, T, Huissoon, A, O’Shea, MK, Willcox, B, Drayson, M, Crispin, M, Cunningham, A & Richter, A 2021, 'Development of a high-sensitivity ELISA detecting IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in serum and saliva', Immunology, vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13349

Chapter (peer-reviewed)

Willcox, B & Willcox, C 2024, Exploiting fundamental γδ T cell immunobiology in cancer immunotherapy. in M Barisa (ed.), γδ T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy: Evidence-Based Perspectives for Clinical Translation. 1 edn, Elsevier, pp. 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-21766-1.00004-7

Letter

Perez-Toledo, M, Faustini, SE, Jossi, SE, Shields, AM, Marcial‐Juarez, E, Kanthimathinathan, HK, Allen, JD, Watanabe, Y, Goodall, M, Willcox, BE, Willcox, CR, Salim, M, Wraith, DC, Veenith, TV, Syrimi, E, Drayson, MT, Jyothish, D, Al‐Abadi, E, Chikermane, A, Welch, SB, Masilamani, K, Hackett, S, Crispin, M, Scholefield, BR, Cunningham, AF & Richter, AG 2021, 'SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG1/IgG3 but not IgM in children with Pediatric Inflammatory Multi‐System Syndrome', Pediatric allergy and immunology, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1125-1129. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13504

Literature review

Mohammed, F, Willcox, C & Willcox, B 2025, 'A triple take on antigen receptor recognition of PE', Structure, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1625-1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.08.014

Preprint

Pugh, M, Fennell, E, Leahy, CI, Perry, T, Hargitai, B, Marton, T, Hunter, K, Halford, G, Yilmaz, HO, Stamataki, Z, Reynolds, G, Hill, HJ, Willcox, BE, Steven, N, Thornton, CA, Dojcinov, SD, Culhane, A, Murray, PG & Taylor, GS 2022 'Multi-omic spatial profiling reveals the unique virus-driven immune landscape of COVID-19 placentitis' bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.14.516398

Review article

Gunn, JL, Rubina, A, Fielding, CA, Mohammed, F, Wang, ECY, Willcox, CR & Willcox, BE 2026, 'Auguries of adaptivity: LES γδ-TCR ligand recognition revisited', Trends in Immunology, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 106-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2025.10.006

View all publications in research portal