This module makes an in-depth study of relations between England and Spain and charts the dramatic reversal whereby two nations that began the sixteenth century as allies ended as deadly rivals. It examines the political and religious factors which contributed to the turnabout in relations. Topics studies include Henry VIII’s Great Matter (the divorce from Catherine of Aragon), the marriage of Mary Tudor and Philip II and Philip’s time in England, imperial rivalry between the two countries in America, the English role in Spain’s conflict with the Dutch, the Spanish Armada and the extent of the Spanish involvement in conspiracies against Elizabeth I.