This module is concerned with how governments raise money - through various forms of taxation and charging, as well as international aid, how they spend it, and how they use fiscal policy to achieve national economic and social objectives. Many countries have recently undertaken - or are undertaking - fiscal reforms, and valuable lessons can be learnt from this experience. The module analyses current policy prescriptions on fiscal reform, tax design, revenue administration, financing capital expenditure and expenditure management, in the light of theory and international practice. It also examines how governments regulate the private sector, build public-private partnerships and seek to redistribute resources to address poverty and inequality.