This module introduces fundamentals enabling understanding of processing of multiphase systems. In Semester 1 selected aspects of colloidal systems and products. The interaction between colloidal drops/particles such as van der Waals, electrostatic and steric are discussed and DLVO model is introduced. Colloid stability including gas/liquid and liquid interfaces are discussed as well as measurements of zeta potential. Steady and un-steady state motion of particles/bubbles drag forces, add mass forces, skin friction and form drag are discussed for spherical and non-spherical particles. Sedimentation, free and hindered settling as well as flow patterns in vertical and horizontal pipes including flow pattern maps are introduced. Pressure drop in two-phase gas/liquid flow and homogeneous flow model, two-phase multipliers and separated flow model are introduced.
In Semester 2 liquid/liquid and fluid/solid systems are discussed. Concept of maximum stable drop size in laminar and turbulent flow in stirred vessel and in pipes is introduced. Coalescence and breakage model and population balance equation are discussed and related to dispersion processes. Momentum, mass and energy transfer in dispersed system is discussed in depth. Stability of emulsion, phase inversion and flow patterns/pressure drop in oil/water flow in pipes is also discussed. Particle size distribtuions and measurements are introduced. The mechanics of particle systems are discussed. Gas-solid fluidisations, pneumatic conveying, powder flow and consolidation are also introduced.