The enduring presence of warlords in Africa, and the influence of their international supporters threaten the process of state-builidng in the region, according to research from the College of Social Sciences at the University of Birmingham.
Dr Danielle Beswick, from the College's International Development Department, analysed data on warlords in Congo, focusing in particular on the eastern Kivu provinces which boarders Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi.
Her findings reveal that foreign agencies have been spending huge amounts of money on reconstructing the Congolese state, but they are yet to develop strategies which can incorporate or effectively challenge warlords and their supporters. She suggests that international agencies should adopt a strategy that emphasises regional and local governance rather than reinforcing a central government which, historically, has seemed unable to provide basic security, much less development, in border regions.