Development of Innovative Oral Transethosome Vaccine for Effective Prevention of Francisellosis in Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

Summary 

The research focuses on developing an innovative oral transethosome vaccine to prevent Francisellosis, a bacterial disease caused by Francisella orientalis, in Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Francisellosis poses a significant threat to the aquaculture industry, leading to high mortality rates and severe economic losses. Outbreaks of this pathogen can decimate Tilapia populations, causing substantial financial damage to fish farmers due to the loss of stock and the costs associated with managing and containing the disease. The transethosome vaccine delivery system enhances the stability and bioavailability of the vaccine when administered orally, ensuring an effective immune response. By reducing the reliance on antibiotics, this vaccine addresses the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture. Overuse of antibiotics in fish farming contributes to the emergence of resistant bacteria, posing risks to both aquatic life and human health. The study involves optimizing the vaccine formulation, conducting laboratory trial to assess its efficacy and safety, and providing recommendations for its implementation in aquaculture practices. With the advancement of oral vaccine delivery technology, the expected outcomes include reduced disease incidence, ensured vaccine safety, and seamless integration into standard practices. This vaccine can enhance the sustainability and resilience of Tilapia farming by decreasing antibiotic use, mitigating risks associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and reducing economic losses due to disease outbreaks. Consequently, it can support global food security.