Dr Fraser Sugden

Dr Fraser Sugden

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Senior Lecturer in Human Geography
International Lead (Research)

Contact details

Address
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
University of Birmingham
Edgbaston
Birmingham
B15 2TT
UK

Dr Fraser Sugden is a human geographer who has written extensively on shifting class, gender and generational relations in agriculture, and their interaction with contemporary environmental, political and economic stresses.

He has conducted intensive rural fieldwork across South and East Asia, with a focus on Nepal and the Eastern Gangetic Plains, and was based in this region for most of the last decade prior to joining the School. He maintains a commitment to interdisciplinary action research with strong engagement and partnership with civil society and organisations working at the grassroots.

Qualifications

  • PhD in Geography (University of Edinburgh)
  • MSc in Human Geography (by research), University of Edinburgh
  • MA Geography, University of Edinburgh

Biography

Dr Fraser Sugden is an agrarian political economist who has written extensively on shifting class, gender and generational relations in agriculture, and their interaction with contemporary climatic, agro-ecological, political and economic stresses. He completed his PhD on land relations in Nepal’s Tarai-Madhesh from the University of Edinburgh, after which he was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Stirling. Prior to joining Birmingham University, he was a Senior Researcher at the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Kathmandu, part of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). With IWMI he was also the country representative for Nepal and was the Gender, Youth and Inclusion leader for the global CGIAR research programme on Water, Land and Ecosystems. He maintains a Visiting Scientist position at IWMI today.

In terms of regional knowledge, he has conducted intensive rural fieldwork across South and East Asia, with a focus on Nepal and the Eastern Gangetic Plains, and was based in this region for most of the last decade prior to joining the School. He maintains a commitment to interdisciplinary action research with strong engagement and partnership with civil society and organisations working at the grassroots.

Teaching

Dr Sugden teaches in the fields of Development Geography, Water Resources Management and Agrarian Change.

Postgraduate supervision

Agrarian change, Migration, Climate change adaptation, Rural political economy

Research

While Dr Sugden’s research interest is rooted in global agrarian political economy and environmental change, he has pursued leads of enquiry in three overlapping themes. A first long standing field of interest is on agrarian formations which fall outside the sphere of capitalism in the traditional sense, in particular, South Asian landlordism. A long running thread in his research has been on the evolution and reproduction of rural class relations as older agrarian formations interact with capitalist labour and product markets. He has been engaged extensively in regional debates over land reform, and the larger ‘Agrarian Question’ in South Asia, including its social, political and economic implications, and the legacy of colonial and pre-colonial state formations on contemporary relations of production.

A second strand of research is focused on climate change resilience for farmers and the tensions between physical water scarcity linked to drought, and access constraints rooted in the relations of production. This culminated in cutting edge action research with grassroots partners in Nepal, Bihar and West Bengal to pilot radical new forms of economic and political organization through small scale collective farms (http://dsi4mtf.usq.edu.au/dsi4mtf/). Fraser is committed to interdisciplinary research, and works regularly with agricultural engineers, agronomists and hydrologists to address the technological (as well as social) barriers to agricultural intensification amongst the land poor majority in South Asia.

A final interest is on labour migration, and its impact on trajectories of agricultural change in low and middle income countries. When he was with IWMI, Dr Sugden was instrumental in establishing the MARIS network (http://maris.iwmi.org/), which aims to promote and expand new research and dialogue on rural out-migration and its implication for the agrarian sector. This paved the way for a the 3 year Horizon 2020 project on which Fraser is co-I, AGRUMIG ‘Migration governance and agricultural & rural change in ‘home’ communities: comparative experience from Europe, Asia and Africa’. This seven country project includes cases from China, Ethiopia, Nepal, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and Thailand.

Regionally, Fraser’s research for the last 12 years has been focused on the Eastern Gangetic Plains, in particular, Nepal’s Tarai-Madhesh and the Indian states of Bihar and West Bengal. However, he has also conducted extended rural fieldwork in the Nepal Himalaya, South China, Vietnam and Bangladesh - and has worked closely on collaborative research partnerships with international partners across Asia, eastern Europe and East Africa.

He has secured research funding from a diverse range of sources, including the following recent grants:

Lead applicant for Collectively run agro-processing enterprises in the Eastern Gangetic Plains. Funded by the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). Mar 2021. £80,000

Co-applicant with SOAS and IWMI for Horizon 2020 grant, Leaving something behind’ - Migration governance and agricultural & rural change in ‘home’ communities: comparative experience from Europe, Asia and Africa. Funded by European Commission. Feb 2019, €3,000,000

Lead applicant for Improving Dry Season Irrigation for Marginal and Tenant Farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains. Funded by Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Sep 2014, Aus$2,200,000

Lead applicant for Migration Matters II: An Asia Policy Dialogue on Gender, Water and Agriculture. Funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and Stockholm Environment Institute (Proposal ranked No 1 out of 84 applications).  Aug 2016, US$36,000

Co-applicant with Wageningen University for Gender Squares and Poverty Circles: Unravelling agriculture gaps, challenges and opportunities in the Eastern Gangetic Plains’ (Bangladesh, India, Nepal). Funded by CGIAR research programme on Water Land and Ecosystems, Focal Regions fund, Jan 2014, US$739,501

Other activities

Fraser is engaged in a wide range of public outreach and research support activities in the UK and Nepal, including: 

  • 2016 – present: Founder and steering committee member of the MARIS network (Migration, Agriculture and Resilience: Initiative for Sustainability) 
  • 2017 – present: Visiting Scientist, International Water Management Institute, Kathmandu 
  • 2012 – present: member of Development Studies Association (UK) 
  • 2014 – present: Research Fellow at Centre for Nepal Studies - UK (CNSUK)
  • 2011 – 2012: co-founder and editor of New Angle: Nepal Journal of Social Science and Public Policy (now member of editorial board) 
  • 2008: Consultant, Department for International Development (DFID), Nepal 

Fraser has been a reviewer for a wide range of academic publications including Global Environmental Change, Journal of Agrarian Change, Area, Ambio, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Development and Change, and Geoforum, while also reviewing a number of policy reports in the field of agricultural water and land management, and reviewing proposals for RCUK and ACIAR.

Publications

Recent publications

Book

Sugden, F, Shrestha, L, Bharati, L, Gurung, P, Janmaat, J, Price, J, Bhattarai, U, Koirala, S & Timilsina, B 2014, Climate change, out-migration and agrarian stress: The potential for upscaling small-scale water storage in Nepal. vol. Research Report 159, International Water Management Institute, 2014.

Article

Effiong, CJ, Musa Wakawa Zenna, J, Hannah, D & Sugden, F 2024, 'Exploring loss and damage from climate change and global perspectives that influence response mechanism in vulnerable communities', Sustainable Environment, vol. 10, no. 1, 2299549. https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2299549

Sugden, F, Nigussie, L, Debevec, L & Nijbroek, R 2022, 'Migration, environmental change and agrarian transition in upland regions: learning from Ethiopia, Kenya and Nepal', The Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1101-1131. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2021.1894552

Sugden, F, Agarwal, B, Leder, S, Saikia, P, Ray, D, Raut, M & Kumar, A 2021, 'Experiments in farmers' collectives in Eastern India and Nepal: Process, benefits, and challenges', Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 90-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12369

Russell, C, Clark, J, Hannah, D & Sugden, F 2021, 'Towards a collaborative governance regime for disaster risk reduction: exploring scalar narratives of institutional change in Nepal', Applied Geography, vol. 134, 102516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102516

Clement, F & Sugden, F 2021, 'Unheard vulnerability discourses from Tarai-Madhesh, Nepal', Geoforum, vol. 126, pp. 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.07.016

Leder, S, Sugden, F, Raut, M, Ray, D & Saikia, P 2019, 'Ambivalences of collective farming: feminist political ecologies from the Eastern Gangetic Plains', International Journal of the Commons, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 105–129. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.917

Sugden, F 2019, 'Labour migration, capitalist accumulation and feudal reproduction: a historical analysis from the Eastern Gangetic Plains', Antipode, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1600-1639. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12556

Sugden, F 2017, 'A mode of production flux: the transformation and reproduction of rural class relations in lowland Nepal and North Bihar', Dialectical Anthropology, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 129–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-016-9436-3

Sugden, F, Seddon, D & Raut, M 2017, 'Mapping historical and contemporary agrarian transformations and capitalist infiltration in a complex upland environment: A case from Eastern Nepal', Journal of Agrarian Change. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12223

Bunting, S, Luo, S, Cai, K, Kundu, N, Mishra, R, Ray, D, Smith, K & Sugden, F 2016, 'Integrated action planning for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of highland aquatic resources: evaluating outcomes for the Beijiang River, China', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 1580-1609. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2015.1083414

Sugden, F, Janmaat, J, Price, J & Bharati, L 2016, 'Water storage systems and preference heterogeneity in water scarce environments: a choice experiment in Nepal’s Koshi River Basin', Water Resources and Economics, vol. 13, pp. 6-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2015.09.003

Sugden, F, Maskey, N, Clement, F, Ramesh, V, Philip, A & Rai, A 2014, 'Agrarian stress and climate change in the Eastern Gangetic Plains: Gendered vulnerability in a stratified social formation', Global Environmental Change, vol. 29, pp. 258-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.10.008

Sugden, F & Punch, S 2014, 'Capitalist expansion and the decline of common property ecosystems in China, Vietnam and India', Development and Change, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 656-684. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12103

Poster

Effiong, C, Hannah, D & Sugden, F 2022, 'River based livelihood in a changing environment: a case study of the Niger river in Nigeria', British Hydrological Society 14th National Symposium , Lancaster , United Kingdom, 12/09/22 - 14/09/22.

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