I completed a BA (Hons) in American Studies at Lancaster University in 2003, including a year at UNC-Chapel Hill in North Carolina. Having developed an interest in visual culture over the course of my degree, I continued my education with an MPhil in History, Film and Television at the University of Birmingham the following year. My dissertations for both were concerned with representation and identity, primarily masculinity, in film and I maintained an interest in exploring representation after graduating. Before returning to the University of Birmingham to resume my research at PhD level, I worked as a freelance writer, performing a range of writing and editing services for clients working in various industries around the world.