This project establishes new ways of managing labour and capital for rural agro-processing enterprises in the Eastern Gangetic Plains. Between 2015 and 2020, the University of Birmingham was involved in a study to pilot collective farming initiatives involving the pooling of land, labour and expenditure, so marginal women tenant farmers could achieve economies of scale and improve their bargaining power with landlords and other external stakeholders. This new project, funded by the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) under the Swashakt programme, seeks to build upon this earlier work, yet expands the collective approach to agro-processing. In Bihar the project is piloting collectively run Makhana processing enterprises, led by Sakhi Bihar, whereas in West Bengal, partner, Centre for Development of Human Initiatives, is implementing organic bio-input production.