Professor Emma Kendrick CChem, FRSC, FIMMM

School of Metallurgy and Materials
Chair of Energy Materials

Contact details

Email: e.kendrick@bham.ac.uk

Address: School of Metalurgy and Materials
University of Birmingham
Edgbaston
Birmingham
B15 2TT
UK

Professor of Energy Materials specialising in sustainable battery technologies, spanning materials design, manufacturing, testing and recycling, with strong industrial engagement and impact-driven research in lithium- and sodium-ion systems.

Qualifications

PhD in Chemistry (Novel Pigments), Keele University / CERAM, 2001
MSc in New Materials, University of Aberdeen, 1998
BSc (Hons) Chemistry, University of Manchester, 1997
Chartered Chemist (CChem); Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC); Fellow of IOM3 (FIMMM)

Biography

Faraday Battery Challenge award winners - iConNIChem & WMG

Emma Kendrick is Chair of Energy Materials in the School of Metallurgy and Materials at the University of Birmingham. Her research addresses sustainable battery technologies across the full materials lifecycle, from raw materials and electrode manufacture to in-use performance, diagnostics, and end-of-life recovery. Her work integrates materials chemistry, electrochemistry and manufacturing science, informed by extensive industrial experience.

Prior to joining Birmingham, she held academic roles at the University of Warwick (WMG) and senior industrial positions including Chief Technologist for Energy Storage at Sharp Laboratories Europe and lead scientist roles in battery start-ups. This dual academic–industrial background underpins a strong focus on translational research, scale-up and manufacturability.

She co-leads the Energy Materials Group, within which she has a large, interdisciplinary research portfolio funded by the Faraday Institution, Horizon Europe, Innovate UK, EPSRC and industry. The group’s research is structured around four themes: battery materials, manufacturing and formulation, testing and parameterisation, and recycling and reuse, with a strong emphasis on sodium-ion and next-generation hybrid systems.

She has been recognised for her research in sustainable batteries and her continued support to the research community through several awards; 2021 Faraday Institution (FI) Researcher Development Champion, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 2021 Environment, Sustainability and Energy Division Mid-Career Award, and the 2019 Hothersall Memorial Award for outstanding services to Metal Finishing.

Professor Kendrick has published over 220 peer-reviewed papers, book chapters and patents, and serves on multiple editorial boards. She is co-director of the Birmingham Centre for Energy Storage and an active member of the Birmingham Energy Institute and Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials. She has delivered numerous invited, keynote and plenary lectures internationally, and contributes regularly to policy, standards and public engagement activities in energy storage and critical materials.

Teaching

Module Lead

Battery Technology and Manufacturing (Level 4/Year 4, 60 credits)
Contributions to Aerospace Power Systems and Materials for a Sustainable Environment
Supervision of undergraduate, MSc, MRes and PhD research projects

Postgraduate supervision

Supervises PhD research in sustainable battery technologies, including material design and scale-up, electrode materials and formulation, manufacturing processes, diagnostics and parameterisation, recycling and circular economy approaches. Extensive track record of PhD completion across academia and industry.

Research

Current research focuses on sustainable electrochemical energy storage, particularly lithium-ion, sodium-ion and hybrid battery technologies. Key areas include:

Advanced electrode and cell materials
Materials manufacturing and scale-up
Electrode formulation and design
Cell Design and Optimisation
Electrochemical parameterisation, for physics-based models
Direct recycling and materials recovery
Industry translation and standards development

Research is supported by major UK, EU and industrial programmes, including leadership roles in the Faraday Institution and EPSRC Manufacturing Hub activities.

Publications

Multiscale Tomographic Analysis of the Thermal Failure of Na-Ion Batteries, James Robinson, Thomas M Heenan; Rhodri Jervis, Chun Tan; Emma Kendrick, Dan J Brett, Journal of Power Sources Submitted, Jun 2018
The re-emergence of sodium ion batteries: testing, processing, and manufacturability. S Roberts, E Kendrick, Nanotechnology, Science and Applications, Nanotechnology, Science and Applications, 1 June 2018 Volume 2018:11 Pages 23—33.
High Power Sodium-Ion Batteries and Hybrid Electrochemical Capacitors Using Mo or Nb-Doped Nano-Titania Anodes, Dustin Bauer, Alexander Roberts, Sai Gourang Patnaik, Dan Brett, Paul Shearing, Emma Kendrick, Noriyoshi Matsumi. Jawwad Darr Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 165 (9) A1-A9 (2018).
Investigation into the dehydration of selenate doped Na2M(SO4)2·2H2O (M = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni): Stabilisation of the high Na content alluaudite phases Na3M1.5(SO4)3-1.5x(SeO4)1.5x (M = Mn, Co and Ni) through selenate incorporation, L.L. Driscoll, E. Kendrick, K.S. Knight, A.J. Wright, P.R. Slater, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Volume 258, 2018, Pages 64-71,
Microstructural Analysis of the Effects of Thermal Runaway on Li-Ion and Na-Ion Battery Electrodes. James B. Robinson, Donal P. Finegan, Thomas M. M. Heenan, Katherine Smith, Emma Kendrick, Daniel J. L. Brett and Paul R. Shearing. ASME. J. Electrochem. En. Conv. Stor. 15(1), 2018.
Novel High Energy Density Sodium Layered Oxide Cathode Materials: from Material to Cells, Katherine Smith, Joshua Treacher, Daniela Ledwoch, Paul Adamson, and Emma Kendrick, ECS Trans. 2017 75(22): 13-24.
Investigation of the Sodiation and Desodiation of Hard Carbon by Electrochemical Testing and X-Ray Computed Tomography, Daniela Ledwoch, Daniel J.L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing and Emma Kendrick, ECS Trans. 2017 volume 75, issue 52, 81-90
Investigation into the effect on structure of oxoanion doping in Na 2 M (SO 4) 2· 2H 2 O, LL Driscoll, E Kendrick, AJ Wright, PR Slater, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 242, 103-111 (2016)
The Performance of Hard Carbon in a Sodium Ion Battery and Influence of the Sodium Metal in Observed Properties. D Ledwoch, DJL Brett, E Kendrick, ECS Transactions 72 (33), 17-22 (2016)
Na2CoSiO4 as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries: structure, electrochemistry and diffusion pathways. JC Treacher, SM Wood, MS Islam, E Kendrick, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016,18, 32744-32752. DOI/10.1039/C6CP06777H
Sodium-ion diffusion and voltage trends in the phosphates Na4M3(PO4)2P2O7 (M= Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) for possible high rate cathodes, S Wood, C Eames, E Kendrick and M.S. Islam, J, Phys Chem C., 119, 15935-15941, 2015.
Effect of Ga incorporation on the structure and Li ion conductivity of La3Zr2Li7O12, M.A. Howard, O. Clemens, E Kendrick, K.S. Knight, D.C. Apperley, P.A. Anderson, P.R. Slater, Dalton Trans. 41 (39) 12048-12053 (2012).
The rate characteristics of lithium iron disulfide, E. Kendrick, J. Barker, A. Swiatek, IMLB2010, J. Power Sources, Volume 196, Issue 16, 15 August 2011, Pages 6929–6933
The electrochemical insertion and safety properties of the low-cost lithium ion active material Li2FeS2, J. Barker, E Kendrick, J. Power Sources, iVolume 196, Issue 16, 15 August 2011, Pages 6960–6963
Apatite germanates doped with tungsten: synthesis, structure, and conductivity, A. Orera, T. Baikie, E. Kendrick, J. F. Shin, S. Pramana, R. Smith, T. J. White, M. L. Sanjuán and P. R. Slater, Dalton Trans., 2011, 40, 3903-3908.
Crystal chemistry and optimization of conductivity in 2A, 2M and 2H alkaline earth lanthanum germanate oxyapatite electrolyte polytypes, Solid State Ionics (accepted) 2010, Stevin S. Pramana, Tom Baikie, Emma Kendrick, Martin K. Schreyer, Peter R. Slater and T. J. White, Solid State Ionics, Volume 181, Issues 25-26, 26 August 2010, Pages 1189-1196.
Novel aspects of the conduction mechanisms of electrolytes containing tetrahedral moieties, E Kendrick, M.S.Islam, P. Slater, Fuel Cells Special Issues, accepted 2010. Volume 11, Issue 1, pages 38–43, February, 2011, DOI: 10.1002/fuce.201000044
Strategies for the optimization of the oxide ion conductivities of Apatite-type germanates, A. Orera, T. Baikie, P. Panchmatia, T.J. White, J. Hanna, M.E. Smith, M.S. Islam, E. Kendrick, P.R. Slater. Fuel cells special issue. , Volume 11, Issue 1, pages 10–16, February, 2011.
Protonic Defects and Water Incorporation in Si and Ge-Based Apatite Ionic Conductors, P. M. Panchmatia, A. Orera, E. Kendrick, J. V. Hanna, M. E. Smith, P. R. Slater and M. S. Islam J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 2766-2772.
Raman spectroscopy studies of apatite-type germanate oxide ion conductors: correlation with interstitial oxide ion location and conduction, A. Orera, M. L. Sanjuan, E. Kendrick, V. M. Orera and P. R. Slater J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 2170 - 2175.
Polysomatic apatites, T. Baikie, S. S. Pramana, C. Ferraris, Y. Huang, E. Kendrick, K. Knight, Z. Ahmad and T. J. White, Acta Cryst. (2010). B66, 1-16.
Neutron diffraction structural study of the apatite-type oxide ion conductor, La8Y2Ge6O27: location of the interstitial oxide ion site, J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 7955 - 7958.
Ambi-site substitution of Mn in Lanthanum Germanate Apatites, E Kendrick, K.S. Knight, P.R.Slater, Materials Research Bulletin, Volume 44, Issue 8, 5 August 2009, Pages 1806-1809 (2009)
Cation ordering in Li containing garnets: Synthesis and structural characterisation of the tetragonal system, Li7La3Sn2O12 J. Percival, E. Kendrick, R.I. Smith, P.R. Slater, 2009, 5177 - 5181.
An investigation of the high temperature reaction between the apatite oxide ion conductor La9.33Si6O26 and NH3, E. Kendrick, D. Headspith, A. Orera, D.C. Apperley, R.I. Smith, M.G. Francesconi and P. R. Slater, J. Mater. Chem., (2009), 19, 749 - 754.
Understanding fast ion conduction in solids: synergy between modelling and experiment, Peter Slater and Emma Kendrick, Chemistry papers, (2009).
Synthesis and Characterisation of Iron Tungstate Anode Materials, Emma Kendrick, Jerry Barker, Agata Swiatek, J. Power Sources, 189 (2009), pp. 611-615.
Effect of oxygen content on the ²⁹Si NMR, Raman spectra and oxide ion conductivity of the apatite series, La_8+xSr_2−x(SiO₄)₆O_2+x/2, A. Orera, E. Kendrick, D. C. Apperley, V. M. Orera, P. R. Slater, Dalton Trans., 5296-5301, 2008.
Dalton Trans., 2008, 5249. (front cover)
Synthesis and characterisation of the garnet-related Li ion conductor Li₅Nd₃Sb₂O₁₂, J. Percival, E Kendrick, P. R. Slater, Mater. Res. Bull. 43, 765-770, 2008.
Synthesis and conductivities of the garnet-related Li ion conductors, Li₅Ln₃Sb₂O₁₂ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu) J. Percival, E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater, Solid State Ionics, 179, 1666-1669, 2008
Investigation of the influence of oxygen content on the conductivities of Ba doped lanthanum germanium apatites, E. Kendrick, P. R. Slater, Solid State Ionics,179, 819-822, 2008.
Synthesis of Ga-doped Ge-based apatites: Effect of dopant and cell symmetry on oxide ion conductivity, E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater, Mater. Res. Bull. 43, 12, 3627-363, 2008,
A computational study of oxide ion migration and water incorporation in the cuspidine system, La₄(Ti₂O₈)O₂, E. Kendrick, M. Russ, P. R. Slater, Solid State Ionics, 179, 819-822, 2008
Atomic-scale mechanistic features of oxide ion conduction in apatite-type germanates,
Emma Kendrick, M. Saiful Islam and Peter R. Slater, Chem. Commun. 715-717, 2008.
Synthesis of hexagonal lanthanum germanate apatites through site selective isovalent doping with yttrium, E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater, Mater. Res. Bull. 43, 2509-2513, 2008.
Developing apatites for solid oxide fuel cells: insight into structural, transport and doping properties, Emma Kendrick, M. Saiful Islam and Peter R. Slater, J. Mater. Chem. 17, 3104, 2007
Cooperative mechanisms of fast-ion conduction in gallium-based oxides with tetrahedral moieties_;E. Kendrick, J. Kendrick, K.S. Knight, M.S. Islam, P.R. Slater, Nature Materials, 6, 871 – 875, 2007.
Structural Studies of the proton conducting perovskite “La_0.6Ba_0.4ScO_2.8”; E. Kendrick, K.S. Knight, M.S. Islam, P.R. Slater; Solid State Ionics 178, 943-949, 2007.
Investigation of the structural changes on Zn doping in the apatite-type oxide ion conductor La_9.33Si₆O₂₆: a combined neutron diffraction and atomistic simulation study; E. Kendrick, M.S. Islam, P.R. Slater; Solid State Ionics 177, 3411-3416, 2007.
Structure and colour properties in the Egyptian Blue Family, M_1−xM′_xCuSi₄O₁₀, as a function of M, M′ where M, M′ = Ca, Sr and Ba. Dyes and Pigments, 73, 13-18, 2007.
Neutron diffraction and atomistic modelling studies of Mg doped apatite-type oxide ion conductors; E. Kendrick, J.R.Tolchard, J.E.H. Sansom, M.S. Islam, P.R. Slater, Faraday Discussions 134, 181-194, 2007.
A comparison of the effect of rare earth vs Si site doping on the conductivities of apatite-type rare earth silicates; J.E.H. Sansom, E. Kendrick, J.R. Tolchard, M.S. Islam, P.R. Slater, J. Solid State Electrochem. 10, 562-568, 2006.
Front cover, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 1393, 200.
Synthesis and characterisation of the perovskite-related cuprate phases YSr₂Cu₂MO_7+y (M=Co, Fe) for potential use as solid oxide fuel cell cathode materials; J.E.H. Sansom, E. Kendrick, H.A. Rudge-Pickard, M.S. Islam, A.J. Wright, and P.R. Slater; J. Mater. Chem. 15, 2321-2327, 2005.
Investigation of proton conduction in the tetragonal tungsten bronze niobates: A₀.₆(M,Nb)O₃ (A =Sr, Ba; M=Mg, Ti); E. Kendrick, M.S. Islam, P.R. Slater; Solid State Ionics 176, 2975-2978, 2005.
Investigation of proton conduction in La_1-xBa_1+xGaO_4-x/2 and La_1-xSr_2+xGaO_5-x/2; F. Schönberger, E. Kendrick, M.S. Islam, P.R. Slater; Solid State Ionics 176, 2951-2953, 2005.  
Synthesis and electrical characterisation of proton conducting gallates, E. Kendrick, M.S. Islam, P. Slater, Proceeding of the electrochemical society; SOFC IX, Vol 1, 1142-1149, 2005.
The effect of different precursors on the synthesis of ultramarine blue using a modified test furnace, E. Kendrick, S.E. Dann, K. Hellgardt, Studies in science and Catalysis 154, 3059-3066, A-C, 2004.
Synthesis, properties and structure of ion exchanged hydrosodalite, E. Kendrick, S.E. Dann, J. Solid State Chem. 177 (4-5) 1513-1519, 2004. Erratum to “Synthesis, properties and structure of ion exchanged hydrosodalite”[J. Solid State Chem. 177 (2004)1513–1519] J. Solid State Chem, 178, 2176 2005
Comparison of ion exchanged hydrosodalite synthesised by different routes, E. Kendrick, R. Morris, S.E. Dann, Solid State Phenomena 90-91, 57-62, 2003.

Reviewed Conference Papers

Investigation of proton conduction in novel gallates; E. Kendrick, M.S. Islam, P.R. Slater; Proc 7^th Euro SOFC Forum P0501, 1-9, 2006.
Development of Apatite-based Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; P.R. Slater, J.E.H. Sansom, E. Kendrick, A. Scullard, C. Olsen, M.S. Islam, P.A. Sermon; Proc 7^th Euro SOFC Forum B051, 1-12, 2006.

Invited Reviews

Royal Society of Chemistry Review: Lithium ion batteries and solid oxide fuels cells (review of 2012 literature) ); E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater; Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A, 2013, 109,
Royal Society of Chemistry Review: Lithium ion batteries and solid oxide fuels cells (review of 2011 literature) ); E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater; Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A, 2012, 108, DOI: 10.1039/C1IC90010B
Royal Society of Chemistry Review: Conducting solids, covering ionic and electronic conductors (review of the 2010 literature); E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater; Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A, 2011, 107, DOI: 10.1039/C1IC90010B
Royal Society of Chemistry Review: Conducting solids, covering ionic and electronic conductors (review of the 2009 literature); E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater; Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem. 2010, 106, DOI: 10.1039/B920662K
Royal Society of Chemistry Review: Conducting solids, covering ionic and electronic conductors (review of the 2008 literature); E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater; Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem. , 2009, 105, 436 - 459, DOI: 10.1039/b818291b.
Royal Society of Chemistry Review: Conducting solids, covering ionic and electronic conductors (review of the 2007 literature); E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater; Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry), 104, 414-433, 2008.
Conducting solids, covering ionic and electronic conductors (review of the 2006 literature); E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater; Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry), 103, 428, 2007.
Conducting solids, covering ionic and electronic conductors (review of the 2005 literature); E.Kendrick and P.R. Slater; Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry), 102,482, 2006.
Fuel Cells: Powering the future; E. Kendrick and P.R. Slater; UK Power Issue 2, 56-57, 2005.

Patent Applications

16012 E Kendrick, K Smith. U.S. Application No. 15/613,534 Filing Date: June 5, 2017, COATED METAL ION BATTERY MATERIALS
16016, E Kendrick, K Smith, Improved Hydrophobicity of Composite Electrode filed April 2017.
16017, D Ledwoch, E Kendrick, P Adamson. COMPOSITE ELECTRODE INCLUDING MICROPOROUS IONICALLY CONDUCTING MATERIAL, COMPOSITE SLURRY, AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, filed 31^st March 2017
16006, P Adamson, E Kendrick CARBON-METAL/ALLOY COMPOSITE MATERIAL, SYNTHESIS METHOD, AND ELECTRODE INCLUDING SAME, WO2017221882 (A1), Filing Date: June 22, 2016,
16005, P Adamson, E Kendrick, POROUS CARBON-METAL/ALLOY COMPOSITE MATERIAL,SYNTHESIS METHOD, AND ELECTRODE INCLUDING SAME, WO2017221779 (A1), Filing Date: June 22, 2016,
15020, Metal-ion rechargeable cell or battery E Kendrick, K Smith, WO2017073075 (A1), 30th October 2015
15018, Method of passive voltage control in a sodium-ion battery, E Kendrick, K Smith, J Treacher, WO2017073056 (A1), 30th October 2015
15018, Metal ion battery current collector, E Kendrick, K Smith, J Barker, R Heap, WO2017073067 (A1), 30th October 2015
15017, Formation Method for Sodium Ion Cell or Battery, E Kendrick, K Smith, J Treacher, Filed GB 1519235.4, 30th October 2015
15001, High Energy Density Metal Ion Cathode , E Kendrick, WO2017073058 (A1), 30th October 2015
15012, TIN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS, E Kendrick, R Gruar, WO2017017943 (A1). 24th July 2015
TIN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS, E Kendrick, R Gruar, US2017092947 (A1), priority date - 2014-05-22
14016, Sodium transition metal oxide compounds for Na-ion batteries, E Kendrick, K Smith, R Gruar, WO2017017944 (A1), 24^th of July 2015
15003, LAYERED OXIDE MATERIALS FOR BATTERIES , R Gruar, E Kendrick, Filed, US2017025678 (A1), 21st July 2015, Granted - US9660263 (B2)
15002, SODIUM TRANSITION METAL SILICATE AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME, E Kendrick, J Treacher, US2016365578 (A1), 12th June 2015
14014 Layered oxide compositions, E Kendrick R Gruar, U WO2016103693 (A1) 2016-06-30 , 23^rd Dec 2014 (Granted US9660263 (B2))
14011 LAYERED OXIDE MATERIALS FOR BATTERIES, E Kendrick, R Gruar, WO2016103649 (A1), 2016-06-30, 23^rd Dec 2014 (Granted US)
13009 Transition metal silicates, Inventors, E Kendrick, J Treacher, J Barker, WO2015177567 (A1) 22nd May 2014,
13013 Sn containing Sodium transition metal oxides, E Kendrick R Gruar, GB1409142.5, PCT/GB2015/051515,, 22^nd May 2014, (granted GB201409142D0)
Lithium-containing transition metal compounds, E. Kendrick, J. Barker, UK application 0818758.5 filing date is the 14^th October 2008 1005/7 –002 GB filed 8^th October 2008, PCT/GB2009/051311
Lithium-containing transition metal compounds II, E. Kendrick, J. Barker, 18^th April 2009, PCT/GB2009/051314 (granted GB0818758D0)
PREPARATION OF LITHIUM SULFIDE, E Kendrick, J. Barker, PCT/GB2009/051313, 06.10.2009 (granted US8377411B2)
LITHIUM CONTAINING TRANSITION METAL SULFIDE COMPOUNDS, E Kendrick, J. Barker, PCT/GB2009/051312, 06.10.2009 (Granted; GB2464455B)

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