My thesis explores the “becoming” of the British imperial agents who sustained Britain’s imperial project on the Indian subcontinent circa 1775-1840. Informed by recent perspectives on the histories of identity, race-making, the body, space, and temporality, as well as disciplines including geography and sociology, the thesis traces the ways in which the spaces that British imperial agents engaged with between and within Britain and South Asia facilitated processes of transformation for these individuals, creating a diverse imperial experience which persistently “unsettled” their bodies, knowledge, sociabilities, identities, and practices. These encounters drew them into the imperial project in new ways, engaging and unsettling the mind and body in dialogue with “others” of empire and highlighting the inherent spatiality of the British imperial experience.
The key contribution of the thesis lies in its consideration of the experiences of imperial agents across multiple spaces, including at sea, at various “stop-off” points in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean Worlds, on the Indian subcontinent, and in the spatio-temporal imaginaries produced by the letter. This approach allows the thesis to construct a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the British imperial experience in comparison to previous scholarship, much of which considers them only after their arrival in South Asia, or after their return to Britain. Expanding the geographical scope enables new considerations of the engagements British imperial agents had not only with geographical spaces beyond Britain and the three main Presidencies in India, but also with different cultures, societies, and epistemologies. These cross-cultural interactions and embodied lived experiences influenced their knowledge systems and ideologies (racial, ethnocentric) and practices (epistolary, emotional, social), complicating, and often disproving the received knowledge with which they left Britain.
Failing to consider the full scale of spaces engaged with, and experiences gained, by these individuals has meant that we have previously had a limited sense of where and how processes of imperial identity formation took place. Imperial agents were made and remade, formed and reformed, repeatedly, across numerous, distinct, imperial spaces, which were neither singular nor coherent. Their experiences across these spaces were actively transformative and saw them as continually “becoming”, even once resident in South Asia. The thesis argues that we need to think about these individuals across all these spaces to understand the complexity of the British imperial experience in the period, and in turn, the nature and operation of the highly peopled British imperial project.