Professor Petar Milin

Professor Petar Milin

Department of Linguistics and Communication
Professor of Psychology of Language and Language Learning

Contact details

Address
University of Birmingham
Edgbaston
Birmingham
B15 2TT
UK

Professor Petar Milin's primary research interests are concentrated in areas concerned with understanding the crucial role of learning in human language, its behaviour and use. Previously, his work focused on investigating word or lexical processing, but currently, it extends to the study of natural communication. Methodologically, his work combines experimentation and computational modelling with advanced statistical data analysis. Professor Milin's work with the Out Of Our Minds team towards an in-depth understanding of language knowledge and natural ways of learning a language.

Professor Milin also has secondary research interests which all relate to understanding probabilistic phenomena in language. These include problems that arise in characterising text quantification, stylometry and authorship, vocabulary richness and similar issues.

Qualifications

  • BA (University of Novi Sad, Serbia), 1994
  • MA (University of Novi Sad, Serbia), 2001
  • PhD (University of Belgrade, Serbia), 2004
  • Training in Transactional Analysis, 1st level (60h) ITAA/ITAI certified, 1993
  • Training in Transactional Analysis, 2nd level (120h theory; 30h practice) ITAA/ITAI certified, 1995

Biography

Professor Milin holds a BA and MA in Psychology from the University of Novi Sad, Serbia. He started working as a Teaching Assistant in Statistics and Research Methodology at the Department of Psychology in Novi Sad in the late 90s. In 2001, Professor Milin began a PhD degree at the University of Belgrade in the domain of experimental and computational psychology; with research focused on inflections in morphologically rich languages.

Following the completion of his PhD thesis in 2004, Professor Milin took up an Assistant Professorship in Novi Sad, where he worked until 2016. In 2009, Professor Milin was promoted to Associate Professor. Over the years he has convened modules on Psycholinguistics, Learning, Statistics, and Research Methodology. Between 2013 and 2016, Professor Milin spent two years as Senior Researcher (Leitender Wissenschaftler) in the Quantitative Linguistics Group of Professor R. Harald Baayen, at the Eberhard Karls University in Tübingen, Germany. In 2016 Professor Milin took up a position as a Senior Lecturer in Data Science at the University of Sheffield. In January 2019 Professor Milin started a new post as a Senior Lecturer in the Psychology of Language and Language Learning at University of Birmingham.

Professor Milin has been very active in curriculum development. In 2006 he co-initiated the development of new UG curricula at the University of Novi Sad, aiming to meet European standards in HE (€180,000.00 TEMPUS grant from the EU). In 2011, Professor Milin helped design and develop an Interdisciplinary Master’s program in Applied Statistics (€703,000.00 TEMPUS grant from the EU). Professor Milin was also instrumental in founding Novi Sad's Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, which he headed up 2009-2015.

Fun fact: Professor Milin spent a year working as Creative Director of TARCUS, a company that produced music and radio-commercials.
 

Teaching

Over the years Professor Milin has taught Statistics and Research Methods at all levels and for quite a diverse student body, mainly in Social Sciences and Humanities. He has also developed and taught specialist modules on the Psychology of Language (Psycholinguistics) and Learning Theory.

Postgraduate supervision

Professor Milin welcomes applications from PhD students in any of his areas of interest, especially the following:

  • The role of learning in language behaviour and language description (e.g., comprehension and production, foreign language learning, reading and others).
  • Understanding/describing language as a complex dynamic system, its relationships with other cognitive systems (e.g., perception, memory, problem solving).
  • The dyads of language-communication and cognition-conceptualisation as pillars of human (social) adaptation.

Peter currently co-supervises the following students:

  • Mr Maciej Borowski - Elucidating native speaker knowledge of case and aspect in Polish
  • Ms Shiyu He - Learning to optimize reading: Transferring eye movements across languages
  • Ms Paraskevi Moulara - Can Technology-enhanced language learning affect learners' language proficiency and motivation? Insights from an experimental approach
  • Mr Masanori Matsumura - Extension of Second Language Knowledge Beyond Available Usage Samples: Restructuring of the Sense Network of Polysemous Verbs in English
  • Ms Yuhan Luo - Cognitive processes of listen-to-summarize task: A mixed-method study
  • Mr Hani Almohammadi - Effects of parafoveal processing on eye movements during silent reading in English and Arabic: An eye-tracking investigation of the reading direction

Research

Professor Milin's primary research interests are concentrated in areas concerned with understanding the crucial role of learning in human language, its behaviour and use. Previously, his work focused on investigating word or lexical processing, but currently, it extends to the study of natural communication. Methodologically, his work combines experimentation and computational modelling with advanced statistical data analysis. Professor Milin works with the Out Of Our Minds team towards an in-depth understanding of language knowledge and natural ways of learning a language.

Professor Milin also has secondary research interests which all relate to understanding probabilistic phenomena in language. These include problems that arise in characterising text quantification, stylometry and authorship, vocabulary richness and similar issues.
 
Professor Millin's first research breakthrough was in proposing a formal measure of the synergy between information from different levels of language abstraction (such as representations of inflectional paradigms versus classes, as observed in Latin nominal declensions for example), and how this synergy is put to use in the cognitive system when words and phrases are processed. The proposed measure is grounded in information theory and formalizes the discrepancy between specific (input) exemplars and generalized abstractions (apparently cognitively plausible). The results of this study were initially published in 2009, in the Journal of Memory and Language and invited a comprehensive overview chapter of the information-theoretic approach to language processing for the edited volume Analogy in Grammar, published by Oxford University Press.

With these robust results as a foundation, Professor Milin began to seek an explanatory, functional account of language processing in general, and of reading in particular. The resulting Naïve Discrimination Learning (NDL) model builds on foundational work in the psychology of animal and human Learning. Together with collaborators, he has successfully modelled a wide range of lexical processing phenomena, and this work was published in 2011 in the Psychological Review.

Currently, Professor Milin is fully occupied with the Out Of Our Minds research project, which aims to lead a step-change in understanding language and optimize language learning. Out Of Our Minds is supported by a Research Leadership Award from the Leverhulme Trust. You can read more about his work on his project website. An intro to his ideas is given in his research paper on the role of orthographic and semantic information in skilled reading, published in 2017 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.

Other activities

  • Turing Fellow, The Alan Turing Institute, UK
  • Research Ambassador for Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
  • Consulting Editor for Methodology of the journal Cognitive Linguistics
  • Member of the Editorial Board of the journal Lingue e Linguaggio
  • Member of the Editorial Board of the journal Entropy
  • Co-Editor of the Monograph Series in Morphological Investigations (with J. P. Blevins and M. Ramscar) by Language Science Press
  • Ad Hoc Reviewing for a range of scientific journals; among others, Acta Linguistica; Behavioral Research Methods; Cognition; Cognitive Linguistics; Cognitive Neuropsychology; Cognitive Science; International Journal of Bilingualism; International Journal of Psychological Research; Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory & Cognition; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General; Journal of Slavic Linguistic; Language, Cognition and Neuroscience; Language Learning; Psychonomic Bulletin & Review; Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Publications

Recent publications

Book

Divjak, D & Milin, P 2026, Usage-Based Language Learning: How Knowledge Emerges from Experience. Cambridge Elements Series in Cognitive Linguistics, Cambridge University Press.

Article

Divjak, D, Milin, P & Borowski, M 2026, 'On the learnability of aspectual usage', Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 531-561. https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2023-0117

Milin, P & Rudas, T 2026, 'The Analysis of Fixed and Random Effects in a Log-linear Modelling Framework', Journal of Applied Statistics. https://doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2026.2721753

Divjak, D & Milin, P 2026, 'The synergy of linguistic theories and models of learning', Linguistics Vanguard. https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2024-0243

He, S, Divjak, D & Milin, P 2026, 'Unveiling the Dynamics of Eye Movement Patterns in Second Language Reading: The Roles of L2 Proficiency and Exposure', International Journal of TESOL Studies.

Mackiewicz, J, Milin, P & Divjak, D 2025, 'Error Correction Learning of Second Language Verbal Morphology: Associating Imperfect Contingencies in Naturalistic Frequency Distributions', Language Learning. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.70006

Sun, H, Divjak, D & Milin, P 2025, 'Introducing Fluency Measures to the Elicited Imitation Task', Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, vol. 4, no. 1, 100176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2024.100176

He, S, Divjak, D & Milin, P 2025, 'Optimising Participant Grouping Methods in Bilingualism Studies: Insights from Eye-Tracking Data', Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.24019.he

Milin, P & Divjak, D 2025, 'The games words and contexts play: how readers navigate syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0001537

Marmolejo-Ramos, F, Vaci, N, Reali, F & Milin, P 2025, 'The interplay of sensory and motoric information on processing emotions in narrative texts', Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41809-025-00171-z

Milin, P, Bermel, N & Blevins, JP 2024, 'Cognitive approaches to uniformity and variability in morphology', Cognitive Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2024-0027

Sun, H, Čolović, P, Milin, P & Divjak, D 2024, 'L1 listeners’ evaluations of LX speech: the role of listener expectations and personality traits', Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2024.2402489

Chapter (peer-reviewed)

Madabushi, HT, Romain, L, Milin, P & Divjak, D 2025, Construction grammar and language models. in M Fried & K Nikiforidou (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of Construction Grammar. Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 572-595. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009049139.023

Entry for encyclopedia/dictionary

He, S & Milin, P 2026, Eye-Tracking in Online Research. in C Fullwood, D Branley-Bell, L Orchard, M Limniou & V Stefanova (eds), The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Cyberpsychology. 1st edn, Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52643-5_26-1

Milin, P & Đurđević, DF 2026, Paradigmatic Effects in Morphological Processing. in H Nesi, P Milin & DF Đurđević (eds), International Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. 3rd edn, vol. 13, Elsevier, pp. 264-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95504-1.01089-9

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