Professor Robert Lee

Professor Robert Lee

Birmingham Law School
Professor of Law
Development Director for the Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ)

Contact details

Address
Birmingham Law School
University of Birmingham
Edgbaston
Birmingham
B15 2TT
UK

Robert Lee is Professor of Law of Birmingham Law School. He is a former Head of School and Director of the Centre for Employability, Professional Legal Education and Research (CEPLER). He has acted as specialist adviser to the European Parliament, the European Commission, the House of Commons and the National Assembly for Wales and has worked for the Department for the Environment in Northern Ireland (drafting environmental legislation), the Irish Environment Protection Agency, the UN Environment Programme and the UN Development Programme. In the UK, he has undertaken research projects on the regulation of technologies for both the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.  He is an honorary life member of the UK Environmental Association and a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences..

Bob has published extensively and is Environment Editor of the Journal of Business Law and an editorial board member of a number of journals including the prestigious Journal of Law and Society. He is still actively engaged with research projects relating to technology regulation including the Horizon 2020 PrecisionTox programme  and the UKRI Interdisciplinary Research Centre on a Circular Economy in Technology Metals.

Robert Lee is part of the Birmingham Plastics Network, an interdisciplinary team of more than 40 academics working together to shape the fate and sustainable future of plastics.  This unique team brings together chemists, environmental scientists, philosophers, linguists, economists, artists, writers, lawyers and experts in many other fields, to holistically address the global plastics problem.

Qualifications

  • LLB (Brunel)
  • LLD (Cardiff)

Biography

Prior to his appointment Professor Robert Lee was Professor of Environmental Law at the Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter. Between 2001 and 2012 he was Co-Director of the ESRC Research Centre on Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability and Society (BRASS) at Cardiff University. He is the Environmental Editor for the Journal of Business Law and an Analysis Editor for the Journal of Environmental Law and he sits on the editorial board of the Journal of Law and Society. He is an honorary life member of the UK Environmental Law Association. His wider interest is in regulatory issues particularly in areas of health and environment. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and holds a higher doctorate (LL.D.) for socio-legal studies. 

Bob has spent time in commercial practice with two of the largest UK law firms and remains a professional development consultant with the Environment, Planning and Regulation Group of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer. He has been a member of the Law Society's Training Committee, the QAA Benchmarking Panel for Law, the Lord Chancellor's Standing Conference on Legal Education and the Society of Legal Scholars' Legal Education Sub-committee. 

Research

Bob researches broadly in the field of environmental law. He has a book on food regulation in Europe (Routledge, 2010) has edited a two volume reader on Environmental Law and Economics (Ashgate 2008). He produces the environment volume of the Encyclopaedia of Forms and Precedents (LexisNexis, 2013), and has edited a collection of essays on Economic Globalisation and Ecological Localisation (Blackwell, 2009). His current projects include work on the socio-economic aspects of harvesting and developing pharmaceutical products from marine sponges (funded by Marie Curie) and a review of sustainability duties in the UK, on behalf of WWF (UK).

Other activities

  • Special Adviser of ESG, Landmark Group
  • Honorary Professor Nottingham Law School

Publications

Recent publications

Article

Colbourne, JK, Escher, SE, Lee, RR, Vinken, M, Van de Water, B & Freedman, JH 2025, 'Animal-free Safety Assessment of Chemicals: Project Cluster for Implementation of Novel Strategies (ASPIS) definition of new approach methodologies', Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 44, no. 9, vgae093, pp. 2395-2397. https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgae093

Ahuja, J, Lee, R & Cavoski, A 2025, 'Geopolitics of Access to Critical Minerals Necessary to Support Energy Transition', Global Energy Law and Sustainability, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 163-181. https://doi.org/10.3366/gels.2024.0122

Ahuja, J, Cavoski, A, Lee, R & Sultan-Chaudhary, R 2025, 'Legislation and trade barriers for critical minerals', Environmental Liability - Law, Policy and Practice, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 167-179.

Bearth, A, Roth, N, Jansen, T, Holden, L, Cavoski, A, Di Consiglio, E, Hauzenberger, I, Lee, R, Mombelli, E, Tcheremenskaia, O, Wendt-Rasch, L & Wilks, MF 2025, 'New approach methodologies in human health risk assessment across European regulatory frameworks: Status quo, barriers and drivers for regulatory acceptance and use', Environment international. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109279

Cavoski, A, Holden, L & Lee, R 2025, 'The Place of Law in Technology Transitions: A Case Study from Chemical Risk Assessment', Journal of Environmental Law. https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqae030

Cavoski, A, Ahuja, J & Lee, R 2024, 'Just energy Transition and the Planning and Permitting of Critical Material Extraction', Journal of Planning & Environment Law, vol. 2024, no. 1, pp. 3-19. <https://uk.westlaw.com/Document/ID941B400930711EEA0FAEA4205B5F994/View/FullText.html>

Cavoski, A, Ahuja, J & Lee, R 2024, 'Just Energy Transition and the planning and Permitting of Critical Mineral Extraction', Journal of Planning & Environment Law, vol. 2024, no. 1, pp. 3-19. <https://uk.westlaw.com/Document/ID941B400930711EEA0FAEA4205B5F994/View/FullText.html>

Holden, L, Cavoski, A & Lee, R 2024, 'Legal Barriers to new methods of chemical testing' elaw.

Cavoski, A, Colbourne, J, Holden, L & Lee, R 2024, 'Precision toxicology: new approach methodologies for chemical safety', Bio-Science Law Review, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 101-107. <https://www.lawtext.com/publication/bio-science-law-review/contents/volume-19/issue-3>

Commissioned report

Cavoski, A, Holden, L & Lee, R 2025, Report on the Capacity of Legal and Regulatory Frameworks to Accommodate NAMs. <https://precisiontox.org/legal-capacity-for-acceptance-of-nams/>

Holden, L, Lee, R & Cavoski, A 2024, Report on Socio-technical Barriers to the Uptake of NAMs. <https://precisiontox.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/D6.1-Report-on-Socio-Technical-Barriers-26Jan.pdf>

Other contribution

Holden, L, Cavoski, A & Lee, R 2024, 2nd Commission Conference - pre-read roadmap development: Outreach activities and involvement of the stakeholders.. <https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/events/roadmap-phasing-out-animal-testing-chemical-safety-assessments-second-workshop-2024-10-25_en>

Colbourne, J, Margiotta-Casaluci, L, Chilton, SM, Jones, KA, Lynch, I, Owen, S, Holden, L, Andrews, E, Cavoski, A & Lee, R 2024, Recommendations for the Adoption of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in UK Chemical Regulation. Defra. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/672cc07deee595f5288bdbea/HSAC_Brief_on_NAMs_-_FINAL_20_Dec2023_PUBLICATION_VERSION.pdf>

Review article

Dove, A, Lee, R, Farag, H, Macpherson, R, Krause, S, Elsdon-Baker, F & Cavoski, A 2025, 'Promoting the use of recycled plastics: a taxing issue', Environmental Law Review, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614529251328783

Holden, L, Lee, R, Orsini, L, Eastwood, N, Zhou, J & Cavoski, A 2024, 'Biodiversity Management Challenges: A Policy Brief', Environmental Law Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614529241247361

View all publications in research portal

Expertise

Regulation with particular reference to environmental regulation and regulation of technologies

Languages and other information

Only willing to work in the English language

Media experience

Radio and TV work for BBC; TV appearance for ITV and independent broadcast companies; Comment pieces for major broadsheet newspapers

Expertise

  • Environmental Law and policy
  • Environmental legislation
  • Regulation of technologies

Policy experience

Work for regulators in UK and overseas as well as with international agencies.

Other information

Has worked extensively with government.