Musical Sun reduces range of magnetic activity
A study of the Sun led by the University of Birmingham using sound waves suggests that the layer in which the significant magnetic activity is located has grown thinner in recent years.
A study of the Sun led by the University of Birmingham using sound waves suggests that the layer in which the significant magnetic activity is located has grown thinner in recent years.
A study of the Sun led by the University of Birmingham using sound waves suggests that the layer in which the significant magnetic activity is located has grown thinner in recent years.
The research was led by the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Birmingham and was carried out in collaboration with Yale University in the US, as well as the National Solar Observatory in the US.
Professor Yvonne Elsworth, of the University of Birmingham, is presenting the results of the study - published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society - today at the National Astronomy Meeting in Hull.
Professor Elsworth said: “The Sun is very much like a musical instrument except that its typical notes are at a very low frequency – some 100,000 times lower than middle C.
“Studying these sound waves, using a technique called helioseismology, enables us to find out what’s going on throughout the Sun’s interior.”
The Sun acts as a natural cavity to trap sound, which is generated by turbulence in the outermost few hundred kilometres of the convection zone.
The University of Birmingham is one of the pioneers in the field of helioseismology and researchers have been using the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) to study the Sun through sound waves since 1975. The period used covers three of the Sun’s 11-year activity cycles, which see fluctuations in the rate at which energetic particles are created by the interaction between the Sun’s magnetic field and its hot, highly charged outer layers.
The Sun is currently heading towards a period of minimum activity and the team used the full BiSON dataset to try to look for clues in previous cycles as to what might be causing some unusual solar activity observed lately.
Professor Elsworth said: “Recent activity maxima have actually been rather quiet and the last cycle had a long, extended minimum.
“It will be interesting to see if the minimum of this current cycle is extended in the manner of the previous one or if it will soon be back to the conditions of the past.
“However, if it is a normal minimum it will also be interesting to ask why the previous one was unusual.”
The team shows that the interior of the Sun has changed in recent years, and that these changes persist in the current cycle. In combination with theoretical models, the observations suggest that the magnetic field distribution in the outer layers may have become a bit thinner. Other seismic data shows that the rotation rate of the Sun has also undergone some changes in the way the Sun rotates at different latitudes.
Professor Elsworth said: “Again, this is not how it used to be and the rotation rate has slowed a bit at latitudes around about 60 degrees.
“We are not quite sure what the consequences of this will be but it’s clear that we are in unusual times. However, we are beginning to detect some features belonging to the next cycle and we can suggest that the next minimum will be in about two years.”
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