Funded by the Stanton Foundation, Dr Rio Tinto will explore the security of nuclear weapons, nuclear installations, materials and technologies in the context of civil unrest and high levels of general insecurity due to high risk of non-state sanctioned armed violence – including insurgents and terrorists but also those engaging in organised crime/black markets. He develop the conceptual part of the project and collecting data for the Brazilian case studies. He will focus on trying to understand how the threat by organised crime (in both its political and non-political violence dimensions) is perceived and acted upon by relevant actors – the Government, the military, law enforcement agencies, and civil defence/safety agencies, Eletrobrás, Indústrias Nucleares Brasileiras and the Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear. In addition, he will trace the process through which the occurrence of security breaches has led to the adoption of changes in existing security policies.