A radical new Government Strategy focused on preventing, and not just treating, mental ill health in young people is required as a report by the University of Birmingham reveals today that an additional £1.77bn funding and 23,800 staff are needed to plug the current treatment gap.
The only way to stem the rising tide of mental health problems amongst the young is a major drive to tackle the causes rather than putting all the effort into attempting to increase the workforce and funding needed to meet demand for treatment, says the University of Birmingham’s Mental Health Policy Commission following its major inquiry into the mental health of children and young people.
As the NHS considers its plan for the next 10 years following the Government’s announcement of a £20bn funding boost, the Commission is calling on Prime Minister Theresa May to ensure it includes funding for new prevention policy and practice in childhood and adolescence to address causes of poor mental health across the nation.
The Commission’s independent report ‘Investing in a Resilient Generation’, launches today at Westminster and reveals the scale of the shortfall in the funding and workforce - from psychiatrists to nurses - needed to match current demand for mental health provision for young people aged 25 and under.
The Commission says the figures, produced on its behalf by NHS Benchmarking as part of its inquiry, illustrate the need for a paradigm shift to invest in the nation’s mental resilience, starting early, supporting families, schools, workplaces, and communities to be the best they can be at nurturing the next generation.
The report comes at a time when half of life-long mental health problems show their first signs by the age of 15, and three quarters by the age of 25.
The report outlines that access to appropriate mental health support and treatment is a lottery for young people, and by 2021 only a third of young people in England facing mental health difficulties are likely to have access to the support and treatment they need.
Currently, only seven pence in every pound the NHS spends goes on children and young people’s mental health, while poor mental health costs the taxpayer an estimated £105 billion per year.
The authors of the report, which contains powerful evidence from a range of contributors including young people currently experiencing mental health challenges and health experts, argue for a two-pronged approach to prevention: maximising young people’s resilience, and minimising the risks they face in life.
The report argues for the funding and creation of a 10-year Government Grand Challenge that focuses on investing in a resilient generation – shaped by Public Health England, local government and Innovate UK - to close the prevention gap and recognise that mental illness is the single largest global challenge of disease.
Professor Paul Burstow, former Minister of State for the Department of Health, and Chair of the University of Birmingham’s Mental Health Policy Commission, said: “We need to increase access to mental health treatment and care for young people. But the scale of the workforce challenge makes it essential that we get serious about prevention too.
“There is already sufficient evidence of what works to increase resilience and reduce the risks of poor mental health amongst our young. It is time to act. By addressing the causes of poor mental health, not just treating the consequences, it is within our grasp to halve the number of people living with life-long mental health problems.
“Mental illness is the single largest global burden of disease. We need a national research, development and delivery effort to build on what we already know can work.
“The Government’s Industrial Strategy offers a model. Closing the mental health prevention gap and investing in a resilient generation should become one of the Government’s Grand Challenges.
“The nation’s future prosperity requires a sustained investment in the nation’s mental resilience: starting early, supporting families, schools, workplaces and communities to be the best they can be at nurturing the next generation.
“What is required is a whole-systems change and ownership of the mental health and resilience agenda across national and local government, and across non-statutory agencies and communities, as no single agency can achieve the necessary shift on their own.”
Public Health England Chief Executive Duncan Selbie said: “The University of Birmingham Mental Health Policy Commission makes a clear and compelling case for investing in mental health prevention which helps those affected, their families and friends and is good for the economy.”
Former Cabinet Secretary Lord Gus O’Donnell, who authored one of the report’s forewords, said: “As our growth rate slows down, so will the growth of tax revenue, meaning we need to invest in prevention now to ensure we can afford the treatment that will be needed in the years to come.
“The next generation are already facing a tough time given the level of house prices and rents. To look after their mental health we need to devote more resources to prevention, diagnosis and treatment and to reverse the bias there has been to treat physical illnesses as more important than mental ones.”
Paul Farmer, Chief Executive of mental health charity Mind and report foreword author, said: “Over the last few years we’ve seen an extraordinary shift in awareness and understanding around mental health and it is on the public agenda more than ever. But, this new awareness of mental health exposes the absence of fundamental building blocks that we need to address a major health and social issue, one that has been under-resourced and ignored for decades.
“Nowhere is this more apparent than in the field of prevention. The longer people go without help the likelier they are to require more long-term and costly treatment, lose their jobs, lose their potential or lose hope. There is currently limited ambition around mental health prevention and local government spend only one per cent of its public health budget on preventative mental health initiatives.
“We welcome this Commission, which sets out a persuasive argument for early investment so that future generations are better prepared for life’s challenges.”
Sean Duggan, chief executive of the Mental Health Network, which is part of the NHS Confederation, said: “We back the call by the University of Birmingham Mental Health Policy Commission for a pledge that the long-term NHS plan should include funding for the prevention of mental ill-health in children and young people.
“With 2.3million students in the UK at significant risk of developing mental health issues, NHS services have a crucial role to play in ensuring the mental health of the population by tackling issues in care provision head-on.
“Research commissioned by the NHS Confederation found current mental health spending would likely need to double to take the number of people with mental health problems receiving NHS treatment from 40 per cent to 70 per cent.
“While the mental health sector has been a beneficiary of one-off funding increases for the NHS over the past five years, acute trusts have seen bigger benefits with their incomes growing nearly three times as fast as mental health trusts.
“To have true parity of esteem, the mental health sector must be given a bigger proportion of the NHS budget and we hope this will be realised in the details of the funding settlement.”
Commissioner Professor Dame Carol Black, Senior Policy Advisor on Work and Health for the Department of Health and Public Health England, said: “Answering the problems of mental health and
safeguarding and promoting good mental health and wellbeing reaches far beyond health services. It brings responsibilities to almost everyone.
“Those responsibilities to our fellow citizens arise at each stage of life, from childhood onwards. There is no stage in the life course where we may neglect adverse influences on the mental health of individuals.
“Those influences lie in the social and economic circumstances of life, of education, of physical health and of work. There is no place in society where we do not see opportunities and obligations to minimise such influences. That is the shared view of the many organisations that have made the commitment made in the Concordat. Not only do they recognise their various roles but, importantly, they also declare their agreement to take the actions necessary.
“This Concordat has taken root in the West Midlands; in my view it is an example of the kind of commitment that is needed everywhere.”
Commissioner Cynthia Joyce, Executive Director of MQ, as well as former Chief Executive of MQ: Transforming Mental Health in the UK, said: “It has never been clearer that we must change our approach to supporting young lives. Good mental, and physical health requires attention and commitment across government, business and our communities to implement what we know works, and research to discover how we can do even better.”
Jacqui Dyer, Commissioner and Chair of Black Thrive, a partnership for black mental well-being, said: “It is an honour to be presenting this ground-breaking report where our emphasis on prevention and early intervention, if implemented in ways that attend to diversity of experiences, will provide significant leverage to transform mental health outcomes for people as they journey through their life course.
“This approach, including coproduction, is particularly vital for those communities where worse mental health outcomes are persistent.”
The Commission wants change in the way spending on prevention is accounted for to support investment, along with the radical upscaling of Public Health England’s Prevention Concordat for Better Mental Health.
It is also calling for new public health policy that would see the systematic measuring of the wellbeing of children and young people, as well as investment in ‘big data’ research to better understand societal challenges and how to respond to them, and Government policy reviews to prevent mental health issues arising as a consequence of inequality.
Meanwhile, it also wants local Health and Wellbeing Boards or Combined Authorities, supported by local authority Public Health leads, to initiate a local dialogue with other agencies, schools and community groups about how they can work together to build a resilient generation in their area.
The report was authored by Professor Paul Burstow, Dr Karen Newbigging, Professor Jerry Tew, and Benjamin Costello, all of the University of Birmingham, and was funded by the University’s College of Social Sciences and international mental health research charity MQ: Transforming Mental Health.
For more information, please contact Emma McKinney, Communications Manager (Health Sciences), University of Birmingham, Email: or tel: +44 (0) 121 414 6681, or contact the press office on +44 (0) 7789 921 165.
- The University of Birmingham is ranked amongst the world’s top 100 institutions. Its work brings people from across the world to Birmingham, including researchers, teachers and more than 6,500 international students from over 150 countries.
- University of Birmingham’s Mental Health Policy Commission Report ‘Investing in a Resilient Generation’
- Chaired by Professor Paul Burstow, former Minister of State for the Department of Health, The University of Birmingham’s Mental Health Policy Commission launched in 2017 with ambitious aims to change the face of how we tackle mental illness, seeking evidence on innovative approaches that can support a truly different approach. It sought evidence from across the four home nations and internationally, taking into account the views of service users, families, communities, practitioners and policy makers. The Commission is committed to producing a series of recommendations that aim to improve our mental wellbeing as a society and promote individual and community resilience. By working with policy makers and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the Commission will seek support to implement these recommendations, which will provide a strategic framework for mental health for the 21st Century.
-
Authors of the report are:
- Commission Advisor and Secretariat Dr Karen Newbigging - Senior Lecturer in the Health Services Management Centre and the Institute of Mental Health at the University of Birmingham, and a member of the National Taskforce for Women’s Mental Health.
- Commission Advisor and Secretariat Professor Jerry Tew - Professor of Mental Health and Social Work and Director of the Family Potential Research Centre at the University of Birmingham
- Commission Advisors and Secretariat Benjamin Costello - Research Associate in Mental Health and Doctoral Researcher and Teaching Associate in Philosophy at the University of Birmingham
-
Forewords of the report were authored by:
- Paul Farmer, Chief Executive, MIND
- Gus O’Donnell, Former Cabinet Secretary and head of the Civil Service, 2005-2011.
- Jacqui Dyer, Senior Management Board Lived Experience Advisor for the Time To Change campaign, Member of the Ministerial Advisory Group for Mental Health, former Vice Chair of the Mental Health Taskforce for England, Chair of Black Thrive, Member of Advisory Panel for Mental Health Act Review, and Co-Chair Mental Health Act Review African and Caribbean Working Group (MHARAC).
-
The University of Birmingham’s Mental Health Policy Commission’s Commissioners are:
- Dr Susanna Abse - Psychotherapist and Partner at The Balint Consultancy, former Chief Executive Officer of Tavistock Relationships, Executive member of the British Psychoanalytic Council
- Andy Bell - Deputy Chief Executive of the Centre for Mental Health
- Professor Dame Carol Black - Senior Policy Advisor on Work and Health for the Department of Health and Public Health England, Chair of the Board of the Nuffield Trust, Principal of Newnham College at the University of Cambridge
- Jacqui Dyer - Senior Management Board Lived Experience Advisor for the Time To Change campaign, Member of the Ministerial Advisory Group for Mental Health, former Vice Chair of the Mental Health Taskforce for England, Chair of Black Thrive, Member of Advisory Panel for Mental Health Act Review, and Co-Chair Mental Health Act Review African and Caribbean Working Group (MHARAC).
- Heather Henry - Independent nurse, Chair of the New NHS Alliance, and Queen’s Nurse
- Cynthia Joyce - Executive Director of MQ-US, former Chief Executive of MQ: Transforming Mental Health in the UK, and past Executive Director of the SMA Foundation and the American Academy of Neurology Foundation
- Professor Thomas Jamieson-Craig - President of World Association for Social Psychiatry, and Professor of Social and Community Psychiatry at King's College London
- The report comes as the University of Birmingham has opened its Institute for Mental Health (IMH), which builds on a strong history of research and innovation and a close working partnership with the NHS. It is focused on improving mental health care for young people and championing early intervention and prevention, while recognising that some will require high quality specialist care for complex problems. The IMH works with young people to co-produce knowledge and generate ideas, recognising lived experience as essential to shape, challenge and champion the work that we do. It also partners with the local mental health Trusts and the Centre for Human Brain Health, also based at the University, aimed at improving prevention, resilience, diagnosis and interventions using the state-of-the-art technology. The strength of the IMH lies in its close collaboration with other academics and researchers, clinicians and policy-makers, and charities and service providers. It is through this shared knowledge and understanding that it will make a lasting impact to improve the mental health of young people and their families.