Children’s brain tumours could be diagnosed with 10 min scan, based on metabolic signature

New research suggests that MRI scanning could be used to determine which of four types of medulloblastoma present – which could cut wait for treatment by weeks.

Jack Bourne and his family ringing cancer treatment bell at Birmingham Children's Hospital

Children with the most common malignant form of brain cancer could see diagnostic wait times reduced thanks to new research that trialled a new, quicker and less invasive way of determining which type of tumour they have.

The study, published in eBioMedicine, was conducted by a team of researchers led by the University of Birmingham and Newcastle University, with Birmingham Children’s Hospital as the lead clinical centre, and funded by Children with Cancer UK and Cancer Research UK.

The collaborative team identified how the four different groups of medulloblastoma, a malignant children’s brain tumour, had a specific profile based on their individual metabolism. Taking cell samples from 86 tumours, a laboratory test was used to accurately identify metabolic markers including chemicals specific to the different tumour groups.

....having a detectable signature metabolism could be game-changing for quickly diagnosing, and then offering the best possible treatment for children.

Emeritus Professor Andrew Peet

The study also validated previous research that found that glutamate, a metabolite present across all of the tumour cells, is linked closely with tumour prognosis.

Significantly, the research could pave the way for using MRI scanning combined with machine learning to assess medulloblastomas for their ‘signature’ metabolic profiles without the need for invasive biopsy and could rapidly reduce the current 3-4 week wait from presentation to full diagnosis.

Andrew Peet, Emeritus Professor of Clinical Paediatric Oncology at the University of Birmingham and an Honorary Consultant at Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, who is lead author of the study said:

“Time is so important in cancer diagnosis so our findings on different types of medulloblastoma having a detectable signature metabolism could be game changing for quickly diagnosing, and then offering the best possible treatment for children.”

Professor Steve Clifford, Chair of Molecular Paediatric Oncology at the Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, who jointly led the study said:

“Providing a rapid diagnosis using innovative scanning and AI (artificial intelligence) techniques, has the potential to revolutionise patient management, allowing early non-invasive diagnosis, tailoring of treatment decisions and reducing the period of uncertainty for patients and parents while awaiting a full diagnosis.

"Further, our biological findings provide critical new insights into the metabolism underpinning these tumours, and the potential to exploit these therapeutically.”

All you want is for your child to be given the best possible treatment right from the start.

Tom Bourne (Jack's father)

The latest findings could be game-changing for children like Jack Bourne, aged six, from Birmingham who was diagnosed with medulloblastoma in March 2023.

Jack’s dad, Tom, said: “We’ve been through 13 months of treatment, but six weeks of that was just waiting to find out what type of tumour he had. We were so scared.”

Six year old Jack Bourne who was diagnosed with a medulloblastoma

Within weeks of starting school, Jack had started experiencing sickness and headaches which doctors put down to possible separation anxiety or vertigo. But when his parents Tom and Suzanna noticed that he was struggling to walk, they sought a second opinion and Jack was referred to Birmingham Children's Hospital the same day.

“When they told me the results of the MRI scan, I didn’t know what to feel,” said Tom. “As we were trying to digest everything, they were asking us to sign consent forms because they wanted to operate first thing the next morning. You’re reading these forms and all you see is - he might not make it out alive. It’s heartbreaking, it really is.”

Jack pulled through the ten-hour operation to remove the tumour, but it would take more than four weeks for doctors to figure out what specific type of medulloblastoma he had in order to effectively treat it.

“The research that’s going into diagnosing tumours is really important,” said Tom. “In Jack’s case there was quite a delay while they sent his tumour to Great Ormond Street to be analysed. During that time Jack was given some chemo just to start things off because they just wanted to do something rather than just wait. But all you want is for your child to be given the best possible treatment right from the start.”

Improving outcomes for every child

Christiana Ogunbote, Head of Research at Children with Cancer UK said:

“We are incredibly proud to help fund this innovative medulloblastoma research and are excited to see how it could change the experiences of children diagnosed with this disease and their families. Discovering new ways to improve outcomes for children with cancer is at the heart of what we are trying to achieve. Through continued and sustained investments in research we look forward to a day where every child can survive their cancer diagnosis.”

Dr Laura Danielson, Children’s and Young People's Research Lead at Cancer Research UK, said: 

"Developing quicker, less invasive ways to accurately diagnose the different types of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumour in children, is a crucial step in improving outcomes for young patients.

"This important study has identified a new way to distinguish between the four subgroups of medulloblastoma. This discovery paves the way for the development of simple imaging tests that could quickly and accurately diagnose the different types of medulloblastoma.

"This kind of discovery research is important to drive new and improved ways to better detect and treat cancers affecting children and young people."

Notes for editors

  • For media enquiries please contact Tim Mayo, Press Office, University of Birmingham, tel: +44 (0)7815 607157

  • The University of Birmingham is ranked amongst the world’s top 100 institutions. Its work brings people from across the world to Birmingham, including researchers, teachers and more than 8,000 international students from over 150 countries.

  • The University of Birmingham is a founding member of Birmingham Health Partners (BHP), a strategic alliance which transcends organisational boundaries to rapidly translate healthcare research findings into new diagnostics, drugs and devices for patients. Birmingham Health Partners is a strategic alliance between seven organisations who collaborate to bring healthcare innovations through to clinical application:
    • University of Birmingham
    • University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    • Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    • Aston University
    • The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
    • Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
    • West Midlands Academic Health Science Network
    • Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust 
  • Children with Cancer UK is a leading children’s cancer charity dedicated to raising and investing funds into vital specialist research to save the lives of children and young people with cancer. Our mission is to improve survival rates and the quality of survival in young patients, and to find ways to prevent cancer in the future.

    Whilst working towards this, Children with Cancer UK funds support for children and their families as they navigate treatment. What began as a small memorial charity in 1988, has evolved into a major force raising more than £300 million and investing in over 200 pioneering research projects.
  • Cancer Research UK is the world’s leading cancer charity dedicated to saving lives through research, influence and information.  

    Cancer Research UK is the largest charitable funder of research into cancers that affect children and young people in the UK.  
    Cancer Research UK for Children & Young People is the part of Cancer Research UK dedicated to supporting research into cancers affecting 0-24-year-olds.   Around 32,600 cancer deaths in children and young people have been avoided since the 1970s in the UK, thanks in part to the work of Cancer Research UK.

    Together with its partners and supporters, Cancer Research UK for Children & Young People is working towards a world where children and young people can live longer, better lives, free from the fear of cancer.   Money raised through Cancer Research UK for Children & Young People will be used to fund research into cancers affecting children and young people (aged 0-24).  
  • Newcastle University, UK, is a thriving international community of more than 28,000 students from over 130 countries worldwide.

    As a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive universities in the UK, Newcastle has a world-class reputation for research excellence in the fields of medicine, science and engineering, social sciences and the humanities.

    Its academics are sharply focused on responding to the major challenges facing society today. Research and teaching are world-leading in areas as diverse as health, culture, technology and the environment.

    Newcastle is committed to providing students with excellent, research-led teaching delivered by dedicated and passionate teachers.