Every area of the West Midlands exceeds WHO guidelines on clean air but meeting targets would have £3.2bn economic benefit in reduced health burden
Every resident of the West Midlands lives in an area exceeding the World Health Organisation’s air quality guidelines, and air pollution in the region is causing up to 2,300 premature deaths each year according to new research.
The study published in Environmental Pollution conducted by researchers at the University of Birmingham in collaboration with local authority partners looked at the health economic burden of air pollution on residents in the West Midlands Combined Authority geographical area.
The economic benefit of bringing air quality in the WMCA area to WHO health-based levels was also calculated using the tool, with a potential £3.2bn of economic benefits over 20 years.
The benefits include reduced healthcare and social care demand, improved productivity; and the prevention of up to 12,000 deaths, 50,000 asthma, 15,000 CHD, 2,400 lung cancer, and 10,000 stroke diagnoses. These financial calculations are based on new cases potentially connected to air pollution, and do not account for existing cases of these diseases.
Our new Air Quality Lifecourse Assessment Tool has enabled us to put stark numbers to these impacts.
Dr Suzanne Bartington, Clinical Associate Professor in Environmental Health at the University of Birmingham and senior author of the study said:
“Air pollution is one of the biggest challenges facing public health, and our data shows that every resident in the West Midlands lives in a ward where the air quality doesn’t meet WHO health-based guidelines. The impacts for the region are significant, both in poorer health outcomes for residents and the extra burden on our health services.
“Our new Air Quality Lifecourse Assessment Tool has enabled us to put stark numbers to these impacts, showing us that more than 2000 people die each year prematurely due to air pollution across the region.”
Dr James Hall, Health Economist in the Institute of Applied Health Research at the University of Birmingham and lead author of the paper said:
“The results show some of the many benefits associated with tackling nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter in the region including a potential £3.2bn of health-related economic benefit including to the health system, the broader economy and the public via reducing the rates of asthma, lung cancer, strokes, coronary heart disease and mortality.
“We also know that there is a potential link between air pollution and increased risk of developing other major chronic diseases including COPD and types of dementia, so the impact is likely to be even higher.”
Roy Harrison, Professor of Environmental Health at the University of Birmingham and co-author of the study, said: "These data provide an important baseline for the health impacts of air pollution in the West Midlands region. Relative to 2019, we know that there have been some improvements in air quality and they will have reduced the attributable burden on the region's health.
“Initiatives such as the Clean Air Zone, introduced in 2021, have had an impact on the amount of NO2 pollution in the city centre, which is a relatively small geographical area. Across the region as a whole, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter pollution is still a significant problem which we need to tackle with urgency.”
The study was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).
Clinical Associate Professor in Environmental Health
Staff profile for Dr Suzanne Bartington, Clinical Associate Professor in Environmental Health in the Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Birmingham.
Research Fellow
Staff profile page for Dr James A Hall, Research Fellow in the Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham.
Queen Elizabeth II Birmingham Centenary Professor of Environmental Health
Staff profile of Professor Roy Harrison, Professor of Environmental Health at the University of Birmingham. Listing all research projects and funding, publications and professional qualifications.
