Discovering how small changes in mRNA sequence can explain heterogeneity in cancer and development
Researchers have received a significant funding boost to understand how genetic processes impact development and cancer growth.
Researchers have received a significant funding boost to understand how genetic processes impact development and cancer growth.
University of Birmingham researchers, in collaboration with colleagues from the Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute in Glasgow, have received a £3.1million Wellcome Discovery Award to study messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), specifically how changes in the instructions to build mRNA can impact on development and tumorigenesis.
The programme, led by Professor Ferenc Mueller from the Department of Cancer and Genomics and Professor Martin Bushell from CRUK Scotland Institute Glasgow, will run for a period of eight years.
It aims to understand how the way in which mRNA is built can control how cells adjust their protein production, responding to environmental change and what this means for development and for cancer cell survival and proliferation. The two universities are partnering to bring together two distinct research areas in molecular biology that are rarely studied alongside each other.
The collaborating team, consisting of experts in the transcription of mRNAs and translation of proteins, will investigate the causes and consequences of mRNA variation, looking at how growth signals, and various stresses the cells experience, drive the cells to adjust their protein production and adapt to changing environments. This is of particular interest in tumour cells or cells of the growing embryo, both of which may have limited access to nutrients.
These environmental changes are particularly important in cancer cells, which can continue to grow even when nutrients are scarce. The hope is that the work would push us further towards understanding the ways in which cancer can grow.
The work will build on Professor Mueller and his team’s research to study gene promoters, their DNA sequence codes, which define where and when in cells mRNAs are produced during the process of initiation of transcription. The group have studied this process for many years, mostly in the developing zebrafish embryo, but more recently have also looked at how this process is regulated in human cancers.
They have discovered a new mechanism for how transcription initiation can create small but important variation of the end of mRNA sequence. This change of the starting nucleotides does not impact on the nature of the proteins synthesized from mRNAs, but it appears to have an important role in when and how the mRNAs are used to translate into proteins. This newly identified mechanism raises questions about why and how transcription initiation diversifies mRNAs and why this occurs particularly prominently in cancer cells, which have prompted this new programme of work.