The research (now published on the Council of Europe website) involved collating responses from questionnaires obtained from 32 countries within the Council of Europe. Research revealed that methods such as electronic tagging, community service, and treatment programmes were widely used in order to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit a further offence without the need for the offender to be imprisoned for their crime. The suggestion was made that communication between countries regarding the methods used could help improve current practice. If methods found to be effective for reducing re-offending can be identified by certain countries it may be possible to create a knowledge base regarding effective practice in probation services which can be used to help inform practice for probation services across all countries within the Council of Europe.